{"id":187,"date":"2024-03-17T15:26:32","date_gmt":"2024-03-17T06:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/?page_id=187"},"modified":"2026-04-11T20:29:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T11:29:57","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/research\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

DISSERTATION & MASTER\u2019S THESIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Feb. 2022).\u00a0The Historical Developments of Kurdish Black Tent and Stone Architecture (\ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc778\uc758 \uac80\uc740 \ucc9c\ub9c9\uacfc \ub3cc \uac74\ucd95)<\/em>. Ph. D. Dissertation, Seoul National University. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Feb. 2008). A Study on the Historical Intervention of Wooden Architecture focused on the Depositories of Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks in Haeinsa Buddhist Temple<\/em><\/em> (\ud574\uc778\uc0ac \uc7a5\uacbd\ud310\uc804\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcf8 \ubaa9\uc870\uac74\ucd95\uc720\uc0b0 \ubcf4\uc874 \uc5f0\uad6c).<\/em> Master\u2019s Thesis, Sungkyunkwan University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Mar. 2026). “Sedentary Culture and Permanent Architecture Reflected in Qur\u2019anic Terminology (\ucfe0\ub780 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc601\ub41c \uc815\uc8fc\ubb38\ud654\uc640 \uace0\uc815\uc2dd \uac74\ucd95).” Journal of the Architectural Institute,<\/em> Vol. 42, No. 3, 189-200. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Qur\u2019\u0101n is the supreme scripture of Islam compiled from the revelations of God (Allah) conveyed to the Prophet Mu\u1e25ammad. It is also a linguistic corpus that preserves Mu\u1e25ammad\u2019s perception of the world and his architectural experience as formed within the climatic and socio-cultural context of the seventh-century Arabian Peninsula, and whose canonical wording and key terminology have been transmitted without formal revision to the present. This study systematically examines Qur\u2019\u0101nic terminology related to dwelling and architecture that the text repeatedly emphasizes in order to elucidate the consistent conceptions of dwelling and architecture that emerge from it. The analysis shows that the Qur\u2019\u0101n envisions the eternal spaces of the hereafter on the basis of city (mad\u012bnah<\/em>) and village (qar\u012byah<\/em>) life, and presupposes solid, walled structures as the ideal form of the house (d\u0101r, bayt<\/em>). Drawing on these findings, the study identifies an architectural worldview based on sedentary culture and permanent structures that was shared by the early Muslim community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Dec. 2024). “Vernacular Mosque and Semi-nomadic Architectural Tradition in the Hawraman Area of Iran (\uc774\ub780 \ud558\uc6b0\ub77c\ub9cc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed\ud615 \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\uc640 \ubc18\uc720\ubaa9\ubbfc\uc758 \uac74\ucd95 \uc804\ud1b5).” Asia Review<\/em>, Vol. 14, Vol. 3, 269-310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This study investigates the monumental characteristics of vernacular mosques in the Hawraman area of Iran, where semi-nomadic communities have adapted the mountainous architectural tradition to Islamic forms. It examines the historical context surrounding the construction of the mosques, identifies the distinctive characteristics of the permanent and temporary roof types used seasonally and regionally by the semi-nomadic people, and focuses on permanently roofed mosques as well, which express their inward authority through the decoration of the wooden columns and capitals in the prayer space that was expanded to accommodate the religious facilities. Additionally, this research explores the exclusive use of mosques in the winter quarters, where collective labor was utilized, and highlights the architectural significance of these mosques in merging Islamic principles with the local monumental traditions of large-scale public buildings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Apr. 2024). \u201cKurdish Principal Family and Mountainous Qal\u2019e<\/em>: Re-frame of the Ardalan Family\u2019s Premodern History (\ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uc9c0\ubc30\uac00\ubb38\uacfc \uc0b0\uac04\uc131\ucc44: \uc544\ub974\ub2ec\ub780 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc804\uadfc\ub300\uc0ac \uc7ac\ud3b8).\u201d Asia Review<\/em>, Vol. 14, No. 1, 197-235.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This study attempts to re-frame the premodern history of the Ardalan family, focusing on their mountainous fortresses (Qal\u2019es). The Kurdish principal families in the Zagros and Taurus Mountains played a significant role in history, engaging with various Muslim empires from their fortified Qal\u2019es which served as political and military centers. However, due to the families rarely compile their own chronicles, much of their premodern history can only be understood through fragmentary records left behind by outsiders. This research delves into the exceptionally rich literary sources of the Ardalan family among Kurdish principal families, delineating their history into three distinct phases: the establishment, maintenance, and loss of ruling power. It analyzes the strategic acquisition, utilization, and eventual abandonment of their Qal\u2019es, especially focusing on the four Qal\u2019es located in valleys (Palangan and Zalm) and hills (Hassanabad and Marivan) during the 13th to 15th centuries. Moreover, the study examines how Ardalan chieftains strategically employed the Qal\u2019es to navigate the intense competition between the Ottomans and Safavids in the 16th century, elucidating their survival tactics and geopolitical significance. Additionally, it investigates the decline of the family, marked by the deliberate destruction of all four Qal\u2019es between the 17th and 19th centuries, culminating in their eventual subjugation to the Khazar royal court. Through this comprehensive analysis, the study sheds light on the historical dynamics of resistance and submission of Kurdish principal families to premodern empires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Oct. 2023). \u201cAl-K\u0101sh\u012b\u2019s Pointed Arch Drawing and Curved Structure of the Timurid Architecture (\uc54c \uce74\uc2dc\uc758 \ucca8\ub450\uc544\uce58 \uc791\ub3c4\uc640 \ud2f0\ubb34\ub974\uc870 \uac74\ucd95\uc758 \uace1\uba74\uad6c\uc870).\u201d Journal of Architectural History<\/em>, Vol. 32, No. 5, 7-20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The study aims to analyze the geometric characteristics of the pointed arches proposed by Al-Kashi in his book “Miftah al-Hisab” (Key of Arithmetic) and investigate their planning principles, architectural application, and typological characteristics. Al-Kashi completed this significant work in 1427 and dedicated it to Ulugh Beg, a Timurid Sultan in Samarkand. In the ninth chapter, titled “Al-\u2018Imarat wa al-Abniya” (Amir\u2019s Mansion and Building), Al-Kashi sought to measure the surface areas and volumes of barrel vaults (Azaj) and domes (Qubba). To achieve this, he proposed five kinds of pointed arches (Taq) and analyzed their drawing methods and composition principles. The Iwan and Qubba structures, which are curved architectural elements, hold significant importance in Islamic architecture. However, previous research has predominantly focused on comparing the drawings in Al-Kashi’s book with historical buildings, neglecting the inherent characteristics of the drawings themselves. This study intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of Al-Kashi’s remarkable work and shed light on the geometric aspects of monumental structures in the Timurid Period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N., & Jeon, B. (Mar. 2021). \u201cA Study on Roof Type and Seasonal Use of Stone Wall House in Iranian Hawr\u0101m\u0101n Area (\uc774\ub780 \ud558\uc6b0\ub77c\ub9cc \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ub3cc \ubcbd\uccb4 \uac74\ucd95\uacfc \uc9c0\ubd95 \ud615\uc2dd).\u201d Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea<\/em>, Vol. 37, No. 3, 121-132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This study investigates the roof type and seasonal use of the permanent dwelling architectures in the Iranian Hawr\u0101m\u0101n area located in the Eastern Kurdistan (R\u014dzhhalat). The Hawr\u0101m\u0101n architecture has been usually defined as the stepped house (B\u0101ft-e Pelek\u0101n\u012b<\/em>) lying along the mountain slope up to now. The people, however, have seasonally used the stone wall houses by the different names (Y\u0101na, Kawal, Kapr<\/em>) for their semi-nomadic life. The three architectures could be classified into two roof types such as the permanent roof houses (Y\u0101na<\/em> and Kawal<\/em>) and temporary roof shelter (Kapr<\/em>) that show the different spatial and structural characteristics. The seasonal use of the two roofs differed in the west and east part where the winter village (De<\/em>) and summer dwelling place (Haw\u0101r<\/em>) are located in different altitudes and dwelling conditions. In the west (Takht and Leh\u014dn), their life dependent on livestock. They stayed at one village (De<\/em>) in the winter and sequentially moved to some temporary camps (Haw\u0101r<\/em>) at higher altitudes for securing the proper temperature and pasture in the summer. They used the different roofs at seasonal places. In contrast, the people of the east (Zh\u0101\u016br\u016bd) were farm-oriented. They have seasonally stayed at one village (De<\/em>) and one farmland (Haw\u0101r<\/em>) near a river or stream where water can be stably secured. They have used the permanent roof houses on different scales in both places depending on the residential period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N., & Jeon, B. (Jul. 2020). \u201cA Study on D\u012bw\u0101nkh\u0101na of Kurdish Tribal Chief in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries (19-20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \ubd80\uc871\uc7a5\uc758 \uac80\uc740 \ucc9c\ub9c9).\u201d Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea<\/em>, Vol. 36, No. 7, 89-98.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This study investigates the architectural and regional characteristics of Kurdish tribal chief’s tent (d\u012bw\u0101nkh\u0101na<\/em>) based on the travel documents written by the British travellers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Kurdish black tent has been defined as not only a black tent for a nomadic family in the Middle East, but also an ethnographical model presenting the Kurdish identity up to now. The Kurdish tribes, however, were hierarchical groups with independent forces and the tribal chiefs had used a kind of public tent until Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria were established. The chiefs\u2019 tent was the multi-used facility for own dwelling, reception, and travellers’ guesthouse to perform the traditional duties of the tribal leader, as well as the symbolic architecture on a large scale distinguished from the other tribesmen\u2019s. The tent is classified into three types based on the spatial composition, especially the placement of d\u012bw\u0101nkh\u0101na space<\/em>. The distribution of the types, like the Kurdish dialects, were divided by the main mountain ranges such as the Zagros and Taurus Mountains. The distributional pattern could be understood to represent one aspect of the ethnic composition of the Kurds who consist of various origins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Jun. 2019). \u201cTemporary Dwelling Place and Permanent House of Semi-nomads in the Hawraman: Palang\u0101n Village (\ubc18\uc720\ubaa9 \ud558\uc6b0\ub78c\uc758 \uc784\uc2dc \uac70\uc8fc\uc9c0\uc640 \uace0\uc815\uc2dd \uc8fc\uac70 \uac74\ucd95: \ud314\ub780\uac04\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c).\u201d Central Asian Studies<\/em>, Vol. 24, No. 1, 153-181.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The Hawraman means a mountainous region where Hawramian people make up the majority of the population near the border of Iraq and Iran. Although the land geographically belongs to Kurdistan, they speak Hawrami different from other Kurdish dialects. Even though most of them have been semi-nomads like nearby Kurds, Hawramians have used specific settlement types unlike Kurdish tents in the summer. It could be thought that the Hawrami and their summer houses reflects their Hawramian identity. Nevertheless, the houses have never received much attention from researchers. So, this article studies on the meanings, characteristics and uses of Hawramian summer quarters and housing types. For this, I selected a historical village in Iran, named Palangan, where some of the villagers have sustained a pastoral lifestyle in Mountain Shaho up to now. They have stayed at one place in the winter and optionally used nine quarters or more in the summer. The people call the summer quarter \u2018haw\u0101r<\/em>\u2019 which means a temporary dwelling place <\/em>in Hawrami. The meaning reflects the instable residential situations depending on the conditions of water sources and weather. The people have built permanent houses at their summer quarters. The houses are commonly structured by stone walls with different roof styles. One is \u2018y\u0101na\u2019<\/em> which means a house in Hawramian language. It has a solid roof structure made by wooden columns and beams like their winter houses. The other is \u2018kapr\u2019<\/em> which means a branch. The structure is covered by wooden branches similar to \u2018capr\u2019<\/em> which sedentary Kurds have used in the summer. Because of abundant stones in Mt. Shaho, Palangan villagers would have built stone houses at the summer quarters. However, given that the neighbourhood Kurds have used the tent, it could be possible that there are other reasons. Hawrami belongs to the language family of sedentary Guran. Also, Hawramian summer houses are made by the same method of sedentary villagers\u2019 summer shelters. Besides, Martin Van Bruinessen recorded a part of Ahl-e Haqq<\/em>\u2019s holy song, such as \u201cKurds are nomads who live in mountains, Hawramians are farmers who live in villages\u201d<\/em>. Considering these, It is not outside the realms of possibility that Hawramian permanent houses at temporary dwelling places were originated from the sedentary residential culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

—<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BOOK TRANSLATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George Kubler, The Shape of Time: Remarks on the History of Things<\/em> (\uc870\uc9c0 \ucfe0\ube14\ub7ec \uc9c0\uc74c, <\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1: \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ubd84\ub958\ud558\ub294 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01>, \uc784\uc885\ud604\u00b7\ucd5c\ub0a8\uc12d \uc62e\uae40, \uc11c\uc6b8: \uc9d1, 2024) selected as “2025 Sejong Book: Arts Category”<\/em> of Publication Industry Promotion Agency of Korea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[Book Review] Lee, Kangmin. (2025) \u201cAbout the Shape of Time (\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec).\u201d Review of Architecture and Building Science (\u5efa\u7bc9)<\/em>,<\/em> Vol. 69, No. 6, 62-63. [Link]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Book Review] Choi, Namsub. (2024) \u201cFor Those who Still Believe in the Seven Colors of the Rainbow (\uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc77c\uacf1 \uc0c9\uae54\uc758 \ubb34\uc9c0\uac1c\ub97c \ubbff\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c).\u201d Journal of Architectural History,<\/em> Vol. 33, No. 5, 49-50. [Link]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EDITORIAL ARTICLES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Jan. 2026). \u201cM-S-J-D: Indicator of the Islamic World (M-S-J-D: \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc9c0\ud45c).\u201d Review of Architecture and Building Science<\/em> (\u5efa\u7bc9),<\/em> Vol. 70, No. 1, 53. [Link]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Oct. 2024). \u201cObserving the Process and Consequential Changes of the Cultural Landscape of Uramanat\/Hawraman<\/em>\u2019s Inscription on the World Heritage List (\u2018\ud558\uc6b0\ub77c\ub9cc\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uacbd\uad00\u2019\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uc720\uc0b0\ubaa9\ub85d \ub4f1\uc7ac \uacfc\uc815\uacfc \uc804\ud6c4 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc9c0\ucf1c\ubcf4\uba70).\u201d ICOMOS Korea Newsletter<\/em>, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2-4. [Link]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CONFERENCE PAPER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Nov. 2023). \u201cThe Kurdish Principal Family and Mountainous Fortress focused on the Ardalan.\u201d Proceeding of 2023 Asia Culture Center International Academic Symposium \u2018Rediscovering Southwest Asia: Urban Culture and Lifestyle\u2019, <\/em>Asia Culture Center (ACC). Korean Association of Middle Eastern Studies (KAMES), The Korean Society for Indian Studies, Institute of Middle East Studies (HUFS) of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, and Asian Cultural Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Yajugae Hall at Seoul Museum of History, 102-133.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Nov. 2022). \u201cAl-K\u0101sh\u012b\u2019s Pointed Arch Drawings and Interpretation of Curved Structure of Islamic Architecture.\u201d The Proceeding of 2022 Autumn Conference, <\/em>Korean Association of Architectural History, Mokpo National University, 259-264.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Jun. 2022). \u201cOld and New-styled Mosque of Kurdistan focused on Iranian Hawraman Area.\u201d The Proceeding of 2022 Spring Conference \u2018ISLAM of 1,400 year\u2019, <\/em>the Korean Association of Islamic Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 125-165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Oct. 2020). \u201cThe Preparation Process for the Inscription of the World Heritage list of \u2018Cultural Landscape of Uramanat\/Hawraman\u2019: Issues and Challenges.\u201d 20th Museum University: Cultural Heritage at Risk<\/em>, Busan Museum, 31-48.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N., & Jeon, B. (Nov. 2019). \u201cA Study on Kurdish Mountainous Settlements Documented by British Travellers in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.\u201d The Proceeding of 2019 Autumn Conference, <\/em>Korean Association of Architectural History, Sungsil University, 151-154.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Oct. 2018). \u201cSummer Quarter and Housing of Hawraman Area focused on Palangan Village.\u201d The Proceeding of 2018 Autumn Conference \u2018Digitalizing the Silk Road\u2019, <\/em>The Korean Association for Central Asian Studies, National Museum of Korea, and Gyeongsang National University, National Museum of Korea, 163-190.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (Nov. 2016). \u201cRole of Village Leader (Dehiyar) and Legitimacy of the Built Environment at the Historical village Palangan in Iranian Kurdistan.\u201d Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Working Series,<\/em> Vol. 274, International Association for the Study of Traditional Environment (IASTE) KUWAIT 2016, 18-36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N., & Jeon, B. (Nov. 2015). \u201cMaintenance of the Local Landscape at Historical Village Palangan in Kurdistan, Iran.\u201d The Proceeding of International Conference on East Asian Architectural Culture \u2018Practical History: History in Practice and Practice in History during the 21st<\/sup> Century\u2019<\/em>, Committee of International Conference on East Asian Architectural Culture Gwangju 2015, Asia Culture Center (ACC), 291-295.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N. (May 2008). \u201cA Study on the Historical Intervention of Wooden Architecture Focused on the Depositories of Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks in Haeinsa Buddhist Temple.\u201d The Proceeding of 2008 Spring Conference, <\/em>Korean Association of Architectural History, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, 69-78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choi, N., & Lee, S. (Nov. 2007). \u201cA Study on the Historical Change of the Front Door Face of the Depositories of Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks (Sudarajang-Jeon<\/em>) in Haeinsa Buddhist Temple.\u201d The Proceeding of 2007 Autumn Conference, <\/em>Korean Association of Architectural History, Seoul National University, 74-85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DISSERTATION & MASTER\u2019S THESIS Choi, N. (Feb. 2022).\u00a0The Historical Developments of Kurdish Black Tent and Stone Architecture (\ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc778\uc758 \uac80\uc740 \ucc9c\ub9c9\uacfc \ub3cc \uac74\ucd95). Ph. D. Dissertation, Seoul National University. … Choi, N. (Feb. 2008). A Study on the Historical Intervention of Wooden Architecture focused on the Depositories of Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks in Haeinsa Buddhist Temple (\ud574\uc778\uc0ac \uc7a5\uacbd\ud310\uc804\uc744 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/187"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=187"}],"version-history":[{"count":91,"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2197,"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/187\/revisions\/2197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/choinamsub.synology.me\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}